Species → Scalloped Hammerhead Shark

Scalloped Hammerhead Shark

Sphyrna lewini

26,500 individuals
Extinction risk Critically Endangered
Apex predatorTrophic cascadeMarine environmentMesopredator release
Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini)
Photo: Barry Peters, Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)

What if it disappeared?

Impact High
Decades

Along the U.S. East Coast, the gradual disappearance of large predatory sharks coincided with an explosion of the cownose ray, one of their usual prey — which then wiped out the scallop population it feeds on, closing a century-old fishery.

Documented
Detail

Myers, R.A., Baum, J.K., Shepherd, T.D., Powers, S.P. et Peterson, C.H. (2007). Cascading Effects of the Loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean. Science, 315(5820), 1846–1850.

Analyzing decades of fishing data along the U.S. East Coast, the authors show that the collapse of eleven large shark species (including the scalloped hammerhead) let mesopredators like the cownose ray proliferate unchecked. This ray began consuming enough scallops to shut down a fishery more than a century old in North Carolina.

Not yet documented

How many other comparable cascades remain to be documented for the many other prey these sharks once fed on remains largely unknown.

Insufficient
Detail

Myers et al. only tracked the effect on the cownose ray and scallop in detail — an emblematic case, not a complete inventory of everything the disappearance of large sharks changes in a coastal ecosystem.